In April 2023, the law changed to include post-separation abuse under the Serious Crimes Act (2015) – the Act made coercive and controlling behaviour a criminal offence.
Post-separation abuse is defined as patterns of abuse which continue after a relationship has ended. Abuse can include, but is not limited to, financial, emotional, physical (including stalking, harassment, etc).
Physical distance after separation or divorce means that emotional abuse tends to be more common than physical abuse.
In some cases, perpetrators will begin abusing their ex-partner after separation, even if abuse has not been a feature during the relationship. However, post-separation abuse can continue from abuse within the relationship.
Post-separation abuse can have long-term effects on survivors. It can be very damaging for mental health and have lifelong psychological consequences. Survivors may develop trust issues, as well as mental health problems such as anxiety, depression, and PTSD.
For separated partners who have children together, this can be particularly difficult as co-parenting is unlikely to work. Moreover, children can be used as a vehicle for abuse.
Yes, post-separation abuse is a criminal offence, as defined in the Serious Crimes Act (2015). Perpetrators can be sentences to up to 5 years in prison or made to pay a fine, or both.
Yes, post-separation abuse is a criminal offence, as defined in the Serious Crimes Act (2015). Perpetrators can be sentences to up to 5 years in prison or made to pay a fine, or both.
Post-separation abuse can look very similar to domestic abuse within a relationship. It may be that there is more emotional abuse, coercive control, or financial abuse than physical abuse. However, physical abuse may occur after a couple has separated, for example in the form of stalking.
Some signs of post-separation abuse might be:
This list is not exhaustive and post-separation abuse can manifest in many different ways.
One of the important things to note about post-separation abuse is that it can come in waves, known as the ‘cycle of abuse’.
It can be divided into four distinct sections and go round in circles.
During segments 3 and 4, the victim may start to believe that the perpetrator has changed and question their reactions to the abuse. This can then make post-separation abuse hard to understand and identify when for the victim.
There are huge emotional impacts of post-separation abuse. It can be extremely draining, cause a loss of hope and a real sense of isolation as it feels like nobody else understands. Some victims may have suicidal thoughts.
Financial impact – the abuser may unnecessarily drag the victim to court, purposefully rack up solicitors bills and court fees. They may withhold money, for example child maintenance. You might be left with the debts from the relationship.
Unfortunately, post-separation abuse can be long-term. Finalising a divorce does not usually mean the end of the abuse, particularly if the couple share children.
The abuser will want to maintain a sense of power and control over the victim which can be achieved through many methods, most obviously finances and children.
In most circumstances, it is unlikely that the abuse will stop. However, there are ways in which the survivor can manage the situation and techniques to remove themselves from direct abuse.
Over time, post-separation abuse can get easier. For example, if your ex-partner starts a new relationship that takes their focus in a new direction. As children get older, abuse can lessen as the children start to manage themselves and become less of a vehicle for the perpetrator to abuse.
If you are or someone you know is in immediate danger, please call 999.
The National Domestic Violence Helpline is open 24/7 on 0808 2000 247.
Local domestic abuse services are available for support in your area.
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