Freezing orders, also called freezing injunctions, are court orders granted under Section 37 of the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973 (S37). This section of the Act gives courts the power to prevent a party from disposing of assets until the conclusion of the case is reached. The court has the authority under S37 to prevent a spouse from disposing of (i.e. moving, changing or getting rid of) an asset they are imminently about to dispose of, or bring back an asset that has already been disposed of by setting aside a disposition.
read moreThey are complicated orders, but essentially mean your ex spouse cannot sell off, change, or hide individual or shared assets during divorce proceedings. They can be used to limit assets in the UK or in another country.
They are used in financial disputes for couples going through divorce or dissolution to ensure individuals are not cheated out of assets over which they have a matrimonial claim.
You may sometimes hear freezing orders called S37 applications, or ‘Mareva injunctions’. The latter term is based on a 1980 High Court case. The injunction was granted in this case to prevent a foreign defendant from moving his assets out of the English jurisdiction.
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What is a freezing order? |
Commonly used in divorce or dissolution cases, freezing orders prevent one spouse from disposing of assets until a case is resolved. This protects the other part from missing out on assets they may have matrimonial claim over. |
A freezing order provides protection over money, property, investments, land, vehicles, shares and bonds and even assets that don’t yet exist, such as an award of damages for personal injury.
Under Section 37 of the Matrimonial Causes Act, in order to obtain a freezing order/injunction, you must prove to the court that the assets are at risk. This needs to be done quickly.
read moreTo obtain a freezing injunction, you must prove to the court that the assets are at risk – and quickly. Our expert solicitors are highly skilled in collating the evidence needed and presenting your case to the court within the short timeframes required.
The freezing order can be made for assets in England and Wales, and globally (although the practicalities will vary from country to country). Our specialist freezing order lawyers can help you navigate these complicated areas of law and protect assets that may be at risk.
The court has a wide discretion to grant a freezing injunction. However, it will do so only when it considers that such action is just and convenient with the following factors in place:
read moreThe applicant must provide an undertaking to the court to pay any damages to the other party if it is later shown that the injunction should not have been granted
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Although freezing injunctions can be a useful thing to implement, they are often enacted unnecessarily.
In many cases, the threat of disposing of assets from the other party won’t carry any weight. Some cases use a letter and an undertaking by the spouse in the instance of a divorce. This is used as a legal promise to either act or not act on something.
If formal proceedings are required, specialist family lawyers can help you by asking the family court to preserve certain family assets. This way, you could save money because applications like these don’t need the same level of safeguarding as freezing orders.
People may be more inclined to implement a freezing order where large quantities of money are involved or where the relationship between the two parties has completely broken down with little trust.
The courts’ power to grant a freezing order comes from section 37 of the Senior Courts Act 1981. However, the legal principles that drive them revolve around whether it is ‘just and convenient’ to do so. This means the decision lies with the judge and whether they deem a potential freezing order to be fair.
It is important to take specialist independent legal advice from a freezing order solicitor with experience in this area of family law. They will be able to explain the intricacies to you in as much detail as you need.
This decision ultimately lies with the courts. The initial period of 7-14 days can be extended or discharged depending on the outcome of the proceedings. In short, a freezing injunction can last as long as the court deems necessary.
The prospect of an ex-partner moving assets abroad can understandably cause panic, which is why some people turn to a freezing order.
It’s worth noting, however, that some clients’ assets could already be placed under another jurisdiction outside of England and Wales, in which case further movements of these assets could be almost untraceable.
Under these circumstances, a worldwide freezing injunction may be appropriate.
If this happens, the offending party can be held in contempt of court. The consequences include being fined, having their assets removed or even being sent to prison. There may also be sanctions for third parties who willingly help the affected party to breach the conditions of the freezing order.
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