Care proceedings are public law children proceedings brought by a local authority under the Children Act 1989. In this context, ‘social services’ and ‘Children’s Services’ refer to the local authority team responsible for safeguarding children. The local authority may apply to the family court for a care or supervision order if it believes a child is suffering, or is at risk of suffering, significant harm.
As the UK’s largest specialist family law firm, Stowe Family Law has over 90 offices across England and Wales. Our children law team spans locations including London, Manchester, Leeds, Birmingham, Sheffield, Bristol, Cardiff, and beyond. Wherever you are in the country, local specialist advice is within reach.
Ranked as a Leading Firm by both Legal 500 and Chambers & Partners 2026, and named in The Times Best Law Firms in 2026, Stowe is trusted by families across the country. We’re also rated Excellent on Trustpilot, showing the level of dedication we bring to each of our clients. As members of Resolution and regulated by the Solicitors Regulation Authority (SRA), you can expect honest, measured advice focused on protecting your family. Our award-winning lawyers cut through the legal jargon, so you understand exactly where you stand and what your options are at every stage.
What do our care proceedings solicitors do?
Stowe Family Law care proceedings solicitors specialise in cases pertaining to care proceedings from local authorities. This court proceeding may be undertaken when the local authority is concerned about a child and applies for a care order to assume parental responsibility. To learn more about what a care proceeding solicitor can do for you, contact us today.
How long should care proceedings take?
The court aims to complete care proceedings within 26 weeks. It can allow more time where this is necessary to resolve the case fairly.
Who should be given notice of care proceedings?
Everyone named as a respondent on the care order application will be made aware of and given notice regarding care proceedings.
What should I do if I have received notice of court proceedings?
If you have received notice of court proceedings from a local authority, contact Stowe Family Law quickly. The court papers will explain what you need to do and by when. Contact a care proceedings solicitor so they can review the documents and help you respond.
A child arrangements order, made under the Children Act 1989, sets out who a child lives with and how their time is shared between parents after separation. It gives both parents a clear framework to rely on – and for many families, that structure is what matters most. These arrangements are rarely straightforward to agree. Our solicitors will help you reach an agreement directly where possible, always keeping your child’s welfare at the forefront.
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‘Child custody’ is a term many people use, but it no longer exists in English and Welsh law. Since the Children Act 1989, courts no longer grant ‘custody’, they make child arrangements orders instead. If you’ve searched for custody advice, you’re not alone, and you’ve come to the right place. Our lawyers will explain what the current law actually means for your situation, cut through any confusion, and make sure you understand your options from the outset.
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International child law covers cross-border disputes involving children, including abduction, relocation abroad, and the recognition of foreign court orders. In England and Wales, these cases are handled primarily under the 1980 and 1996 Hague Conventions, which set out the framework for securing a child’s return or establishing jurisdiction. These situations often require prompt action, and the legal landscape can be complex. Our solicitors are experienced in acting quickly, working alongside the relevant authorities here and overseas to provide clear, practical guidance when you need it most.
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Under the Children Act 1989, grandparents have no automatic right to contact with a grandchild. In most cases, you will need the court’s permission before applying for a child arrangements order. If granted, the court will decide what best serves the child’s welfare. It’s a situation more families find themselves in than you might expect. Our lawyers can help you explore whether mediation or a family agreement is the right starting point, and support you through a court application if that becomes necessary.
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In England and Wales, typically, people are required to attend a Mediation Information and Assessment Meeting (MIAM) before applying to the family court. Mediation itself is voluntary – a trained, impartial mediator helps both parties reach their own agreements about children, finances, or both. It can feel like an unfamiliar step at first, but for many families it offers a calmer, less adversarial route than court. Our solicitors can advise you before and after mediation, so you go in prepared and know your options.
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If social services have contacted you or a family member regarding child care proceedings, you must get legal advice urgently. Even if you do not attend scheduled meetings or court hearings, social services can make important decisions about your family’s future.
At Stowe Family Law, our social service solicitors regularly support families in this situation. We can contact social services on your behalf, attend any scheduled meetings and advise you regarding correspondence, reports or agreements you are asked to sign.
Our specialist children lawyers understand this complex legal situation and can advise you on your options and their impact, and will be on hand to support you in a caring and empathetic manner.
An interim care order is a temporary order made by the court while care proceedings are still ongoing. It places your child under the care or supervision of the local authority for the time being, usually until the next hearing or until the proceedings reach a conclusion.
Before making an interim care order, the court must be satisfied that the threshold criteria have been met. This means there must be reasonable grounds to believe your child is suffering, or is likely to suffer, significant harm, and that this is linked either to the standard of care being provided or to the child being beyond parental control.
While an interim care order is in place, the local authority takes on parental responsibility for your child. This does not remove your own parental responsibility, but it does mean the local authority can make certain decisions that override yours where it considers this necessary to protect your child’s welfare.
A few important points to be aware of:
The decisions made at this early stage can shape the direction of the proceedings as a whole. If an interim care order has been made, or you believe one is being sought, seeking legal advice as early as possible can make a real difference to what happens next.
Get expert advice and support tailored to your situation from our experienced legal team.
If social services decide to start care proceedings in the court, there will be several hearings, including case management and issues resolution, to see if an agreement can be reached.
If not, there will usually be a final hearing where long-term decisions are made about your child’s future, who they will live with and what court order is best.
There are several final orders that the court can make:
We do not recommend signing a Section 20 agreement until you have spoken to a solicitor. A Section 20 agreement, made under Section 20 of the Children Act 1989, is a voluntary arrangement in which your child is accommodated by the local authority with your consent. It is sometimes offered as an alternative to the local authority making an urgent application to court. It can appear less confrontational than formal proceedings, but it carries significant implications that are worth understanding before you agree to anything.
Under a Section 20 arrangement:
One concern for many parents is that a Section 20 arrangement, if it continues for a prolonged period without a clear plan or court oversight, can become a way of delaying a formal decision – one that may not serve your or your child’s interests. For your consent to be valid, it must be freely given and properly informed. Consent obtained through pressure, confusion, or without a full explanation of what the arrangement involves is not legally valid.
You are entitled to take independent legal advice before agreeing to anything, and a social worker should be encouraging you to do so. If you are unsure, our solicitors can explain what signing would mean for you and your child and help you decide on the right course of action.
Navigating social services and care proceedings requires both sensitivity and legal precision. We provide dedicated support to ensure that children’s welfare is prioritised and that families are fairly represented throughout the process.
Local authorities have a legal duty to safeguard and promote the welfare of children in their area. When they become involved with a family, it is usually because a concern has been raised (often by a professional such as a teacher or GP) about a child’s safety or wellbeing.
The specific concerns vary from family to family, but the issues that most commonly lead to care proceedings in England and Wales include:
Local authorities have a legal duty to safeguard and promote the welfare of children in their area. When they become involved with a family, it is usually because a concern has been raised (often by a professional such as a teacher or GP) about a child’s safety or wellbeing.
The specific concerns vary from family to family, but the issues that most commonly lead to care proceedings in England and Wales include:
A failure to meet a child’s basic physical or emotional needs, including food, clothing, supervision, or medical care
Injuries caused to a child, or a risk of physical harm
Ongoing patterns of behaviour that damage a child’s emotional development, such as rejection, threats, or humiliation
Exposure to domestic abuse in the home, which can cause a child significant harm even where they are not the direct target
Parental use of alcohol or drugs in a way considered to affect the ability to provide safe and consistent care
Concerns about a parent’s mental health that the local authority believes may affect their capacity to care for their child
A broader concern that a child’s physical, emotional, or developmental needs are not being met to the standard the court would expect
Being involved with social services does not automatically mean care proceedings will follow. Many families work with their local authority on a voluntary basis to address concerns and avoid court altogether. It is only where the local authority does not believe the situation is improving that it may apply to the court for an order.
Whatever concerns have been raised about your family, you have the right to legal representation, and that can make a genuine difference to the outcome. Our lawyers can explain the threshold criteria the local authority must meet, help you respond to assessments, and represent you at every stage of the process.
One father came to our child arrangement experts in Leeds as his young child had been collected from school and moved across the country by the child’s mother, without his knowledge or agreement. He came to us for professional support. Thanks to our expertise, both parents now share the child arrangements.
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A father came to our child law team in Manchester after spending considerable time trying to resolve his child law matter himself. His daughter’s mother stopped permitting visits, and he began representing himself in court proceedings but made little progress. He reached out to us for expert advice and the final result was a complete reversal of where things had started.
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Our Tunbridge Wells legal team helped a client when an informal child arrangements quickly broke down. We advised them to help protect their relationship with their children and create a fair arrangement focused on their best interests.
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Read full storyAs the only national law firm fully dedicated to family matters, our family lawyers provide clear advice so you understand your options throughout care proceedings.
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The court aims to complete care proceedings within 26 weeks. It can allow more time where this is necessary to resolve the case fairly.
This timeframe was introduced by the Children and Families Act 2014 to reduce delay and uncertainty for children and their families. Extensions are not granted routinely, but may be needed in certain exceptional circumstances. Your solicitor will explain the likely timetable and keep you updated as the case progresses.
In most cases, social services cannot remove a child from their parents’ care without either a court order or the agreement of someone with parental responsibility. If the local authority applies for a care order or interim care order, the court will consider the evidence and must be satisfied that the relevant legal test has been met.
Where there is an immediate concern for a child’s safety, the local authority can apply to the court for an Emergency Protection Order. This can authorise the child’s removal or prevent them from being taken from where they are staying.
In an urgent situation, the police can also use their powers under Section 46 of the Children Act 1989 if they have reasonable cause to believe that the child would otherwise be likely to suffer significant harm. Police protection can last for up to 72 hours.
A child may also be accommodated by the local authority under Section 20 of the Children Act 1989. This is a voluntary arrangement rather than a court order and should only be made with properly informed consent. Take legal advice before agreeing to a Section 20 arrangement or if you are told that your child may be removed.
Yes, in many cases. If the local authority is concerned that a child cannot remain with their parents, the court will consider whether another family member or connected person, such as a grandparent, aunt, uncle, or family friend, could care for the child instead. This is known as a kinship placement, and the local authority is required to consider it before looking at foster care or adoption. If you believe a family member could care for your child, it is important to raise this early in proceedings.
You have the right to challenge the local authority’s evidence and put your own case to the court. This may include filing a statement setting out your position, instructing an independent expert to carry out an assessment, or cross-examining the local authority’s witnesses at a final hearing. A specialist solicitor can help you understand what evidence is likely to carry weight and how best to present your case.
Before agreeing to a Section 20 arrangement, speak to a solicitor so that you understand exactly what it would mean for you and your child.
Section 20 of the Children Act 1989 allows a local authority to provide accommodation for a child with the agreement of someone who has parental responsibility. It is a voluntary arrangement rather than a court order. The local authority does not gain parental responsibility, and you keep your own.
You should be given clear information about why the arrangement is being proposed, where your child will live, the contact you will have and how long the arrangement is expected to last. Your consent must be freely given and based on a proper understanding of the plan.
A person with parental responsibility can usually withdraw their consent and ask for the child to return. If the local authority believes that returning the child would place them at risk, it may apply to the court for an order. Our solicitors can review the proposed arrangement, explain your rights and help you decide what to do next.
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